Testing a CorDapp

Flow testing can be fully automated using a MockNetwork composed of StartedMockNode nodes. Each StartedMockNode behaves like a regular Corda node, but its services are either in-memory or mocked out.

A MockNetwork is created as follows:

import net.corda.core.identity.CordaX500Name
import net.corda.testing.node.MockNetwork
import net.corda.testing.node.MockNetworkParameters
import net.corda.testing.node.StartedMockNode
import net.corda.testing.node.TestCordapp.Companion.findCordapp
import org.junit.After
import org.junit.Before

class MockNetworkTestsTutorial {

  private val mockNet = MockNetwork(MockNetworkParameters(listOf(findCordapp("com.mycordapp.package"))))

  @After
  fun cleanUp() {
    mockNet.stopNodes()
  }
import net.corda.core.identity.CordaX500Name;
import net.corda.testing.node.MockNetwork;
import net.corda.testing.node.MockNetworkParameters;
import net.corda.testing.node.StartedMockNode;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;

import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
import static net.corda.testing.node.TestCordapp.findCordapp;

public class MockNetworkTestsTutorial {

    private final MockNetwork mockNet = new MockNetwork(new MockNetworkParameters(singletonList(findCordapp("com.mycordapp.package"))));

    @After
    public void cleanUp() {
        mockNet.stopNodes();
    }

The MockNetwork requires at a minimum a list of CorDapps to be installed on each StartedMockNode. The CorDapps are looked up on the classpath by package name, using TestCordapp.findCordapp. TestCordapp.findCordapp scans the current classpath to find the CorDapp that contains the given package. This includes all the associated CorDapp metadata present in its MANIFEST.

MockNetworkParameters provides other properties for the network which can be tweaked. They default to sensible values if not specified.

Nodes are created on the MockNetwork using:

    private lateinit var nodeA: StartedMockNode
    private lateinit var nodeB: StartedMockNode

    @Before
    fun setUp() {
        nodeA = mockNet.createNode()
        // We can optionally give the node a name.
        nodeB = mockNet.createNode(CordaX500Name("Bank B", "London", "GB"))
    }
    private StartedMockNode nodeA;
    private StartedMockNode nodeB;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        nodeA = mockNet.createNode();
        // We can optionally give the node a name.
        nodeB = mockNet.createNode(new CordaX500Name("Bank B", "London", "GB"));
    }

Nodes added using createNode are provided a default set of node parameters. However, it is also possible to provide different parameters to each node using MockNodeParameters. Of particular interest are configOverrides which allow you to override some of the default node configuration options. Please refer to the MockNodeConfigOverrides class for details what can currently be overridden. Also, the additionalCordapps parameter allows you to add extra CorDapps to a specific node. This is useful when you wish for all nodes to load a common CorDapp but for a subset of nodes to load CorDapps specific to their role in the network.

When using a MockNetwork, you must be careful to ensure that all the nodes have processed all the relevant messages before making assertions about the result of performing some action. For example, if you start a flow to update the ledger but don’t wait until all the nodes involved have processed all the resulting messages, your nodes’ vaults may not be in the state you expect.

When networkSendManuallyPumped is set to false, you must manually initiate the processing of received messages. You manually process received messages as follows:

  • StartedMockNode.pumpReceive() processes a single message from the node’s queue
  • MockNetwork.runNetwork() processes all the messages in every node’s queue until there are no further messages to process

When networkSendManuallyPumped is set to true, nodes will automatically process the messages they receive. You can block until all messages have been processed using MockNetwork.waitQuiescent().

A StartedMockNode starts a flow using the StartedNodeServices.startFlow method. This method returns a future representing the output of running the flow.

val signedTransactionFuture = nodeA.services.startFlow(IOUFlow(iouValue = 99, otherParty = nodeBParty))
CordaFuture<SignedTransaction> future = startFlow(a.getServices(), new ExampleFlow.Initiator(1, nodeBParty));

The network must then be manually run before retrieving the future’s value:

val signedTransactionFuture = nodeA.services.startFlow(IOUFlow(iouValue = 99, otherParty = nodeBParty))
// Assuming network.networkSendManuallyPumped == false.
network.runNetwork()
val signedTransaction = future.get();
CordaFuture<SignedTransaction> future = startFlow(a.getServices(), new ExampleFlow.Initiator(1, nodeBParty));
// Assuming network.networkSendManuallyPumped == false.
network.runNetwork();
SignedTransaction signedTransaction = future.get();

Recorded states can be retrieved from the vault of a StartedMockNode using:

val myStates = nodeA.services.vaultService.queryBy<MyStateType>().states
List<MyStateType> myStates = node.getServices().getVaultService().queryBy(MyStateType.class).getStates();

This allows you to check whether a given state has (or has not) been stored, and whether it has the correct attributes.

Recorded transactions can be retrieved from the transaction storage of a StartedMockNode using:

val transaction = nodeA.services.validatedTransactions.getTransaction(transaction.id)
SignedTransaction transaction = nodeA.getServices().getValidatedTransactions().getTransaction(transaction.getId())

This allows you to check whether a given transaction has (or has not) been stored, and whether it has the correct attributes.

The Corda test framework includes the ability to create a test ledger by calling the ledger function on an implementation of the ServiceHub interface.

You can create dummy identities to use in test transactions using the TestIdentity class:

val bigCorp = TestIdentity((CordaX500Name("BigCorp", "New York", "GB")))
private static final TestIdentity bigCorp = new TestIdentity(new CordaX500Name("BigCorp", "New York", "GB"));

TestIdentity exposes the following fields and methods:

val identityParty: Party = bigCorp.party
val identityName: CordaX500Name = bigCorp.name
val identityPubKey: PublicKey = bigCorp.publicKey
val identityKeyPair: KeyPair = bigCorp.keyPair
val identityPartyAndCertificate: PartyAndCertificate = bigCorp.identity
Party identityParty = bigCorp.getParty();
CordaX500Name identityName = bigCorp.getName();
PublicKey identityPubKey = bigCorp.getPublicKey();
KeyPair identityKeyPair = bigCorp.getKeyPair();
PartyAndCertificate identityPartyAndCertificate = bigCorp.getIdentity();

You can also create a unique TestIdentity using the fresh method:

val uniqueTestIdentity: TestIdentity = TestIdentity.fresh("orgName")
TestIdentity uniqueTestIdentity = TestIdentity.Companion.fresh("orgName");

A mock implementation of ServiceHub is provided in MockServices. This is a minimal ServiceHub that suffices to test contract logic. It has the ability to insert states into the vault, query the vault, and construct and check transactions.

private val ledgerServices = MockServices(
        // A list of packages to scan for cordapps
        listOf("net.corda.finance.contracts"),
        // The identity represented by this set of mock services. Defaults to a test identity.
        // You can also use the alternative parameter initialIdentityName which accepts a
        // [CordaX500Name]
        megaCorp,
        mock<IdentityService>().also {
    doReturn(megaCorp.party).whenever(it).partyFromKey(megaCorp.publicKey)
    doReturn(null).whenever(it).partyFromKey(bigCorp.publicKey)
    doReturn(null).whenever(it).partyFromKey(alice.publicKey)
})
    ledgerServices = new MockServices(
            // A list of packages to scan for cordapps
            singletonList("net.corda.finance.contracts"),
            // The identity represented by this set of mock services. Defaults to a test identity.
            // You can also use the alternative parameter initialIdentityName which accepts a
            // [CordaX500Name]
            megaCorp,
            // An implementation of [IdentityService], which contains a list of all identities known
            // to the node. Use [makeTestIdentityService] which returns an implementation of
            // [InMemoryIdentityService] with the given identities
            makeTestIdentityService(megaCorp.getIdentity())
    );

Alternatively, there is a helper constructor which just accepts a list of TestIdentity. The first identity provided is the identity of the node whose ServiceHub is being mocked, and any subsequent identities are identities that the node knows about. Only the calling package is scanned for cordapps and a test IdentityService is created for you, using all the given identities.

@Suppress("unused")
private val simpleLedgerServices = MockServices(
        // This is the identity of the node
        megaCorp,
        // Other identities the test node knows about
        bigCorp,
        alice
)
private final MockServices simpleLedgerServices = new MockServices(
        // This is the identity of the node
        megaCorp,
        // Other identities the test node knows about
        bigCorp,
        alice
);

The ServiceHub.ledger extension function allows you to create a test ledger. Within the ledger wrapper you can create transactions using the transaction function. Within a transaction you can define the input and output states for the transaction, alongside any commands that are being executed, the timeWindow in which the transaction has been executed, and any attachments, as shown in this example test:

@Test(timeout=300_000)
 simpleCPMoveSuccess() {
    val inState = getPaper()
    ledgerServices.ledger(dummyNotary.party) {
        transaction {
            input(CP_PROGRAM_ID, inState)
            command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Move())
            attachments(CP_PROGRAM_ID)
            timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME)
            output(CP_PROGRAM_ID, "alice's paper", inState.withOwner(alice.party))
            verifies()
        }
    }
}
@Test
public void simpleCPMoveSuccess() {
    ICommercialPaperState inState = getPaper();
    ledger(ledgerServices, l -> {
        l.transaction(tx -> {
            tx.input(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, inState);
            tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Move());
            tx.attachments(JCP_PROGRAM_ID);
            tx.timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME);
            tx.output(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, "alice's paper", inState.withOwner(alice.getParty()));
            return tx.verifies();
        });
        return Unit.INSTANCE;
    });
}

Once all the transaction components have been specified, you can run verifies() to check that the given transaction is valid.

In order to test for failures, you can use the failsWith method, or in Kotlin the fails with helper method, which assert that the transaction fails with a specific error. If you just want to assert that the transaction has failed without verifying the message, there is also a fails method.

@Test(timeout=300_000)
 simpleCPMoveFails() {
    val inState = getPaper()
    ledgerServices.ledger(dummyNotary.party) {
        transaction {
            input(CP_PROGRAM_ID, inState)
            command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Move())
            attachments(CP_PROGRAM_ID)
            `fails with`("the state is propagated")
        }
    }
}
@Test
public void simpleCPMoveFails() {
    ICommercialPaperState inState = getPaper();
    ledger(ledgerServices, l -> {
        l.transaction(tx -> {
            tx.input(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, inState);
            tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Move());
            tx.attachments(JCP_PROGRAM_ID);
            return tx.failsWith("the state is propagated");
        });
        return Unit.INSTANCE;
    });
}

Within a single transaction block, you can assert several times that the transaction constructed so far either passes or fails verification. For example, you could test that a contract fails to verify because it has no output states, and then add the relevant output state and check that the contract verifies successfully, as in the following example:

@Test(timeout=300_000)
 simpleCPMoveFailureAndSuccess() {
    val inState = getPaper()
    ledgerServices.ledger(dummyNotary.party) {
        transaction {
            input(CP_PROGRAM_ID, inState)
            command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Move())
            attachments(CP_PROGRAM_ID)
            `fails with`("the state is propagated")
            output(CP_PROGRAM_ID, "alice's paper", inState.withOwner(alice.party))
            verifies()
        }
    }
}
@Test
public void simpleCPMoveSuccessAndFailure() {
    ICommercialPaperState inState = getPaper();
    ledger(ledgerServices, l -> {
        l.transaction(tx -> {
            tx.input(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, inState);
            tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Move());
            tx.attachments(JCP_PROGRAM_ID);
            tx.failsWith("the state is propagated");
            tx.output(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, "alice's paper", inState.withOwner(alice.getParty()));
            return tx.verifies();
        });
        return Unit.INSTANCE;
    });
}

You can also use the tweak function to create a locally scoped transaction that you can make changes to and then return to the original, unmodified transaction. As in the following example:

@Test(timeout=300_000)
 `simple issuance with tweak and top level transaction`() {
    ledgerServices.transaction(dummyNotary.party) {
        output(CP_PROGRAM_ID, "paper", getPaper()) // Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
        attachments(CP_PROGRAM_ID)
        tweak {
            // The wrong pubkey.
            command(bigCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue())
            timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME)
            `fails with`("output states are issued by a command signer")
        }
        command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue())
        timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME)
        verifies()
    }
}
@Test
public void simpleIssuanceWithTweakTopLevelTx() {
    transaction(ledgerServices, tx -> {
        tx.output(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, "paper", getPaper()); // Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
        tx.attachments(JCP_PROGRAM_ID);
        tx.tweak(tw -> {
            tw.command(bigCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Issue());
            tw.timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME);
            return tw.failsWith("output states are issued by a command signer");
        });
        tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Issue());
        tx.timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME);
        return tx.verifies();
    });
}

The following example shows that within a ledger, you can create more than one transaction in order to test chains of transactions. In addition to transaction, unverifiedTransaction can be used, as in the example below, to create transactions on the ledger without verifying them, for pre-populating the ledger with existing data. When chaining transactions, it is important to note that even though a transaction verifies successfully, the overall ledger may not be valid. This can be verified separately by placing a verifies or fails statement within the ledger block.

@Test(timeout=300_000)
 `chain commercial paper double spend`() {
    val issuer = megaCorp.party.ref(123)
    ledgerServices.ledger(dummyNotary.party) {
        unverifiedTransaction {
            attachments(Cash.PROGRAM_ID)
            output(Cash.PROGRAM_ID, "alice's $900", 900.DOLLARS.CASH issuedBy issuer ownedBy alice.party)
        }

        // Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
        transaction("Issuance") {
            output(CP_PROGRAM_ID, "paper", getPaper())
            command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue())
            attachments(CP_PROGRAM_ID)
            timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME)
            verifies()
        }

        transaction("Trade") {
            input("paper")
            input("alice's $900")
            output(Cash.PROGRAM_ID, "borrowed $900", 900.DOLLARS.CASH issuedBy issuer ownedBy megaCorp.party)
            output(CP_PROGRAM_ID, "alice's paper", "paper".output<ICommercialPaperState>().withOwner(alice.party))
            command(alice.publicKey, Cash.Commands.Move())
            command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Move())
            verifies()
        }

        transaction {
            input("paper")
            // We moved a paper to another pubkey.
            output(CP_PROGRAM_ID, "bob's paper", "paper".output<ICommercialPaperState>().withOwner(bob.party))
            command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Move())
            verifies()
        }

        fails()
    }
}
@Test
public void chainCommercialPaperDoubleSpend() {
    PartyAndReference issuer = megaCorp.ref(defaultRef);
    ledger(ledgerServices, l -> {
        l.unverifiedTransaction(tx -> {
            tx.output(Cash.PROGRAM_ID, "alice's $900",
                    new Cash.State(issuedBy(DOLLARS(900), issuer), alice.getParty()));
            tx.attachments(Cash.PROGRAM_ID);
            return Unit.INSTANCE;
        });

        // Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
        l.transaction("Issuance", tx -> {
            tx.output(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, "paper", getPaper());
            tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Issue());
            tx.attachments(JCP_PROGRAM_ID);
            tx.timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME);
            return tx.verifies();
        });

        l.transaction("Trade", tx -> {
            tx.input("paper");
            tx.input("alice's $900");
            tx.output(Cash.PROGRAM_ID, "borrowed $900", new Cash.State(issuedBy(DOLLARS(900), issuer), megaCorp.getParty()));
            JavaCommercialPaper.State inputPaper = l.retrieveOutput(JavaCommercialPaper.State.class, "paper");
            tx.output(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, "alice's paper", inputPaper.withOwner(alice.getParty()));
            tx.command(alice.getPublicKey(), new Cash.Commands.Move());
            tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Move());
            return tx.verifies();
        });

        l.transaction(tx -> {
            tx.input("paper");
            JavaCommercialPaper.State inputPaper = l.retrieveOutput(JavaCommercialPaper.State.class, "paper");
            // We moved a paper to other pubkey.
            tx.output(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, "bob's paper", inputPaper.withOwner(bob.getParty()));
            tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Move());
            return tx.verifies();
        });
        l.fails();
        return Unit.INSTANCE;
    });
}
  • Further examples are available in the Example CorDapp in Java and Kotlin

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