Testing a CorDapp
Flow testing
MockNetwork
Flow testing can be fully automated using a MockNetwork
composed of StartedMockNode
nodes. Each
StartedMockNode
behaves like a regular Corda node, but its services are either in-memory or mocked out.
A MockNetwork
is created as follows:
import net.corda.core.identity.CordaX500Name
import net.corda.testing.node.MockNetwork
import net.corda.testing.node.MockNetworkParameters
import net.corda.testing.node.StartedMockNode
import net.corda.testing.node.TestCordapp.Companion.findCordapp
import org.junit.After
import org.junit.Before
class MockNetworkTestsTutorial {
private val mockNet = MockNetwork(MockNetworkParameters(listOf(findCordapp("com.mycordapp.package"))))
@After
fun cleanUp() {
mockNet.stopNodes()
}
import net.corda.core.identity.CordaX500Name;
import net.corda.testing.node.MockNetwork;
import net.corda.testing.node.MockNetworkParameters;
import net.corda.testing.node.StartedMockNode;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
import static net.corda.testing.node.TestCordapp.findCordapp;
public class MockNetworkTestsTutorial {
private final MockNetwork mockNet = new MockNetwork(new MockNetworkParameters(singletonList(findCordapp("com.mycordapp.package"))));
@After
public void cleanUp() {
mockNet.stopNodes();
}
The MockNetwork
requires at a minimum a list of CorDapps to be installed on each StartedMockNode
. The CorDapps are looked up on the
classpath by package name, using TestCordapp.findCordapp
. TestCordapp.findCordapp
scans the current classpath to find the CorDapp that contains the given package.
This includes all the associated CorDapp metadata present in its MANIFEST.
MockNetworkParameters
provides other properties for the network which can be tweaked. They default to sensible values if not specified.
Adding nodes to the network
Nodes are created on the MockNetwork
using:
private lateinit var nodeA: StartedMockNode
private lateinit var nodeB: StartedMockNode
@Before
fun setUp() {
nodeA = mockNet.createNode()
// We can optionally give the node a name.
nodeB = mockNet.createNode(CordaX500Name("Bank B", "London", "GB"))
}
private StartedMockNode nodeA;
private StartedMockNode nodeB;
@Before
public void setUp() {
nodeA = mockNet.createNode();
// We can optionally give the node a name.
nodeB = mockNet.createNode(new CordaX500Name("Bank B", "London", "GB"));
}
Nodes added using createNode
are provided a default set of node parameters. However, it is also possible to
provide different parameters to each node using MockNodeParameters
. Of particular interest are configOverrides
which allow you to
override some of the default node configuration options. Please refer to the MockNodeConfigOverrides
class for details what can currently
be overridden. Also, the additionalCordapps
parameter allows you to add extra CorDapps to a specific node. This is useful when you wish
for all nodes to load a common CorDapp but for a subset of nodes to load CorDapps specific to their role in the network.
Running the network
When using a MockNetwork
, you must be careful to ensure that all the nodes have processed all the relevant messages
before making assertions about the result of performing some action. For example, if you start a flow to update the ledger
but don’t wait until all the nodes involved have processed all the resulting messages, your nodes’ vaults may not be in
the state you expect.
When networkSendManuallyPumped
is set to false
, you must manually initiate the processing of received messages.
You manually process received messages as follows:
StartedMockNode.pumpReceive()
processes a single message from the node’s queueMockNetwork.runNetwork()
processes all the messages in every node’s queue until there are no further messages to process
When networkSendManuallyPumped
is set to true
, nodes will automatically process the messages they receive. You
can block until all messages have been processed using MockNetwork.waitQuiescent()
.
threadPerNode
is set to true
, networkSendManuallyPumped
must also be set to true
.Running flows
A StartedMockNode
starts a flow using the StartedNodeServices.startFlow
method. This method returns a future
representing the output of running the flow.
val signedTransactionFuture = nodeA.services.startFlow(IOUFlow(iouValue = 99, otherParty = nodeBParty))
CordaFuture<SignedTransaction> future = startFlow(a.getServices(), new ExampleFlow.Initiator(1, nodeBParty));
The network must then be manually run before retrieving the future’s value:
val signedTransactionFuture = nodeA.services.startFlow(IOUFlow(iouValue = 99, otherParty = nodeBParty))
// Assuming network.networkSendManuallyPumped == false.
network.runNetwork()
val signedTransaction = future.get();
CordaFuture<SignedTransaction> future = startFlow(a.getServices(), new ExampleFlow.Initiator(1, nodeBParty));
// Assuming network.networkSendManuallyPumped == false.
network.runNetwork();
SignedTransaction signedTransaction = future.get();
Accessing StartedMockNode
internals
Querying a node’s vault
Recorded states can be retrieved from the vault of a StartedMockNode
using:
val myStates = nodeA.services.vaultService.queryBy<MyStateType>().states
List<MyStateType> myStates = node.getServices().getVaultService().queryBy(MyStateType.class).getStates();
This allows you to check whether a given state has (or has not) been stored, and whether it has the correct attributes.
Examining a node’s transaction storage
Recorded transactions can be retrieved from the transaction storage of a StartedMockNode
using:
val transaction = nodeA.services.validatedTransactions.getTransaction(transaction.id)
SignedTransaction transaction = nodeA.getServices().getValidatedTransactions().getTransaction(transaction.getId())
This allows you to check whether a given transaction has (or has not) been stored, and whether it has the correct attributes.
Further examples
See the integration testing tutorial.
See the oracle tutorial for information on testing
@CordaService
classes.Further examples are available in the Example CorDapp in Java and Kotlin
Contract testing
The Corda test framework includes the ability to create a test ledger by calling the ledger
function
on an implementation of the ServiceHub
interface.
Test identities
You can create dummy identities to use in test transactions using the TestIdentity
class:
val bigCorp = TestIdentity((CordaX500Name("BigCorp", "New York", "GB")))
private static final TestIdentity bigCorp = new TestIdentity(new CordaX500Name("BigCorp", "New York", "GB"));
TestIdentity
exposes the following fields and methods:
val identityParty: Party = bigCorp.party
val identityName: CordaX500Name = bigCorp.name
val identityPubKey: PublicKey = bigCorp.publicKey
val identityKeyPair: KeyPair = bigCorp.keyPair
val identityPartyAndCertificate: PartyAndCertificate = bigCorp.identity
Party identityParty = bigCorp.getParty();
CordaX500Name identityName = bigCorp.getName();
PublicKey identityPubKey = bigCorp.getPublicKey();
KeyPair identityKeyPair = bigCorp.getKeyPair();
PartyAndCertificate identityPartyAndCertificate = bigCorp.getIdentity();
You can also create a unique TestIdentity
using the fresh
method:
val uniqueTestIdentity: TestIdentity = TestIdentity.fresh("orgName")
TestIdentity uniqueTestIdentity = TestIdentity.Companion.fresh("orgName");
MockServices
A mock implementation of ServiceHub
is provided in MockServices
. This is a minimal ServiceHub
that
suffices to test contract logic. It has the ability to insert states into the vault, query the vault, and
construct and check transactions.
private val ledgerServices = MockServices(
// A list of packages to scan for cordapps
listOf("net.corda.finance.contracts"),
// The identity represented by this set of mock services. Defaults to a test identity.
// You can also use the alternative parameter initialIdentityName which accepts a
// [CordaX500Name]
megaCorp,
mock<IdentityService>().also {
doReturn(megaCorp.party).whenever(it).partyFromKey(megaCorp.publicKey)
doReturn(null).whenever(it).partyFromKey(bigCorp.publicKey)
doReturn(null).whenever(it).partyFromKey(alice.publicKey)
})
ledgerServices = new MockServices(
// A list of packages to scan for cordapps
singletonList("net.corda.finance.contracts"),
// The identity represented by this set of mock services. Defaults to a test identity.
// You can also use the alternative parameter initialIdentityName which accepts a
// [CordaX500Name]
megaCorp,
// An implementation of [IdentityService], which contains a list of all identities known
// to the node. Use [makeTestIdentityService] which returns an implementation of
// [InMemoryIdentityService] with the given identities
makeTestIdentityService(megaCorp.getIdentity())
);
Alternatively, there is a helper constructor which just accepts a list of TestIdentity
. The first identity provided is
the identity of the node whose ServiceHub
is being mocked, and any subsequent identities are identities that the node
knows about. Only the calling package is scanned for cordapps and a test IdentityService
is created
for you, using all the given identities.
@Suppress("unused")
private val simpleLedgerServices = MockServices(
// This is the identity of the node
megaCorp,
// Other identities the test node knows about
bigCorp,
alice
)
private final MockServices simpleLedgerServices = new MockServices(
// This is the identity of the node
megaCorp,
// Other identities the test node knows about
bigCorp,
alice
);
Writing tests using a test ledger
The ServiceHub.ledger
extension function allows you to create a test ledger. Within the ledger wrapper you can create
transactions using the transaction
function. Within a transaction you can define the input
and
output
states for the transaction, alongside any commands that are being executed, the timeWindow
in which the
transaction has been executed, and any attachments
, as shown in this example test:
@Test(timeout=300_000)
simpleCPMoveSuccess() {
val inState = getPaper()
ledgerServices.ledger(dummyNotary.party) {
transaction {
input(CP_PROGRAM_ID, inState)
command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Move())
attachments(CP_PROGRAM_ID)
timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME)
output(CP_PROGRAM_ID, "alice's paper", inState.withOwner(alice.party))
verifies()
}
}
}
@Test
public void simpleCPMoveSuccess() {
ICommercialPaperState inState = getPaper();
ledger(ledgerServices, l -> {
l.transaction(tx -> {
tx.input(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, inState);
tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Move());
tx.attachments(JCP_PROGRAM_ID);
tx.timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME);
tx.output(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, "alice's paper", inState.withOwner(alice.getParty()));
return tx.verifies();
});
return Unit.INSTANCE;
});
}
Once all the transaction components have been specified, you can run verifies()
to check that the given transaction is valid.
Checking for failure states
In order to test for failures, you can use the failsWith
method, or in Kotlin the fails with
helper method, which
assert that the transaction fails with a specific error. If you just want to assert that the transaction has failed without
verifying the message, there is also a fails
method.
@Test(timeout=300_000)
simpleCPMoveFails() {
val inState = getPaper()
ledgerServices.ledger(dummyNotary.party) {
transaction {
input(CP_PROGRAM_ID, inState)
command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Move())
attachments(CP_PROGRAM_ID)
`fails with`("the state is propagated")
}
}
}
@Test
public void simpleCPMoveFails() {
ICommercialPaperState inState = getPaper();
ledger(ledgerServices, l -> {
l.transaction(tx -> {
tx.input(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, inState);
tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Move());
tx.attachments(JCP_PROGRAM_ID);
return tx.failsWith("the state is propagated");
});
return Unit.INSTANCE;
});
}
verifies
or fails with
statement.Testing multiple scenarios at once
Within a single transaction block, you can assert several times that the transaction constructed so far either passes or fails verification. For example, you could test that a contract fails to verify because it has no output states, and then add the relevant output state and check that the contract verifies successfully, as in the following example:
@Test(timeout=300_000)
simpleCPMoveFailureAndSuccess() {
val inState = getPaper()
ledgerServices.ledger(dummyNotary.party) {
transaction {
input(CP_PROGRAM_ID, inState)
command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Move())
attachments(CP_PROGRAM_ID)
`fails with`("the state is propagated")
output(CP_PROGRAM_ID, "alice's paper", inState.withOwner(alice.party))
verifies()
}
}
}
@Test
public void simpleCPMoveSuccessAndFailure() {
ICommercialPaperState inState = getPaper();
ledger(ledgerServices, l -> {
l.transaction(tx -> {
tx.input(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, inState);
tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Move());
tx.attachments(JCP_PROGRAM_ID);
tx.failsWith("the state is propagated");
tx.output(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, "alice's paper", inState.withOwner(alice.getParty()));
return tx.verifies();
});
return Unit.INSTANCE;
});
}
You can also use the tweak
function to create a locally scoped transaction that you can make changes to
and then return to the original, unmodified transaction. As in the following example:
@Test(timeout=300_000)
`simple issuance with tweak and top level transaction`() {
ledgerServices.transaction(dummyNotary.party) {
output(CP_PROGRAM_ID, "paper", getPaper()) // Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
attachments(CP_PROGRAM_ID)
tweak {
// The wrong pubkey.
command(bigCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue())
timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME)
`fails with`("output states are issued by a command signer")
}
command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue())
timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME)
verifies()
}
}
@Test
public void simpleIssuanceWithTweakTopLevelTx() {
transaction(ledgerServices, tx -> {
tx.output(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, "paper", getPaper()); // Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
tx.attachments(JCP_PROGRAM_ID);
tx.tweak(tw -> {
tw.command(bigCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Issue());
tw.timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME);
return tw.failsWith("output states are issued by a command signer");
});
tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Issue());
tx.timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME);
return tx.verifies();
});
}
Chaining transactions
The following example shows that within a ledger
, you can create more than one transaction
in order to test chains
of transactions. In addition to transaction
, unverifiedTransaction
can be used, as in the example below, to create
transactions on the ledger without verifying them, for pre-populating the ledger with existing data. When chaining transactions,
it is important to note that even though a transaction
verifies
successfully, the overall ledger may not be valid. This can
be verified separately by placing a verifies
or fails
statement within the ledger
block.
@Test(timeout=300_000)
`chain commercial paper double spend`() {
val issuer = megaCorp.party.ref(123)
ledgerServices.ledger(dummyNotary.party) {
unverifiedTransaction {
attachments(Cash.PROGRAM_ID)
output(Cash.PROGRAM_ID, "alice's $900", 900.DOLLARS.CASH issuedBy issuer ownedBy alice.party)
}
// Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
transaction("Issuance") {
output(CP_PROGRAM_ID, "paper", getPaper())
command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue())
attachments(CP_PROGRAM_ID)
timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME)
verifies()
}
transaction("Trade") {
input("paper")
input("alice's $900")
output(Cash.PROGRAM_ID, "borrowed $900", 900.DOLLARS.CASH issuedBy issuer ownedBy megaCorp.party)
output(CP_PROGRAM_ID, "alice's paper", "paper".output<ICommercialPaperState>().withOwner(alice.party))
command(alice.publicKey, Cash.Commands.Move())
command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Move())
verifies()
}
transaction {
input("paper")
// We moved a paper to another pubkey.
output(CP_PROGRAM_ID, "bob's paper", "paper".output<ICommercialPaperState>().withOwner(bob.party))
command(megaCorp.publicKey, CommercialPaper.Commands.Move())
verifies()
}
fails()
}
}
@Test
public void chainCommercialPaperDoubleSpend() {
PartyAndReference issuer = megaCorp.ref(defaultRef);
ledger(ledgerServices, l -> {
l.unverifiedTransaction(tx -> {
tx.output(Cash.PROGRAM_ID, "alice's $900",
new Cash.State(issuedBy(DOLLARS(900), issuer), alice.getParty()));
tx.attachments(Cash.PROGRAM_ID);
return Unit.INSTANCE;
});
// Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
l.transaction("Issuance", tx -> {
tx.output(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, "paper", getPaper());
tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Issue());
tx.attachments(JCP_PROGRAM_ID);
tx.timeWindow(TEST_TX_TIME);
return tx.verifies();
});
l.transaction("Trade", tx -> {
tx.input("paper");
tx.input("alice's $900");
tx.output(Cash.PROGRAM_ID, "borrowed $900", new Cash.State(issuedBy(DOLLARS(900), issuer), megaCorp.getParty()));
JavaCommercialPaper.State inputPaper = l.retrieveOutput(JavaCommercialPaper.State.class, "paper");
tx.output(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, "alice's paper", inputPaper.withOwner(alice.getParty()));
tx.command(alice.getPublicKey(), new Cash.Commands.Move());
tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Move());
return tx.verifies();
});
l.transaction(tx -> {
tx.input("paper");
JavaCommercialPaper.State inputPaper = l.retrieveOutput(JavaCommercialPaper.State.class, "paper");
// We moved a paper to other pubkey.
tx.output(JCP_PROGRAM_ID, "bob's paper", inputPaper.withOwner(bob.getParty()));
tx.command(megaCorp.getPublicKey(), new JavaCommercialPaper.Commands.Move());
return tx.verifies();
});
l.fails();
return Unit.INSTANCE;
});
}
Further examples
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